The hydraulic pump is the power component of the hydraulic system. It is driven by an engine or an electric motor, sucks oil from the hydraulic oil tank, forms the pressure oil and discharges it, and sends it to the actuator. Hydraulic pumps are divided into gear pumps, plunger pumps, vane pumps and screw pumps according to their structure.

The composition of the hydraulic pump

The hydraulic pump consists of three parts: coupling, hydraulic oil tank and oil filter.

Coupling:

The hydraulic pump drive shaft cannot bear radial force and axial force, so it is not allowed to directly install pulleys, gears and sprockets on the shaft end, and couplings are usually used to connect the drive shaft and the pump drive shaft. If due to manufacturing reasons, the coaxiality between the pump and the coupling exceeds the standard, and there is a deviation during assembly, the centrifugal force will increase with the increase of the pump speed, and the coupling will be deformed, and the large deformation will increase the centrifugal force. A vicious circle is created, which results in vibration and noise, which affects the service life of the pump.

In addition, there are other influencing factors such as the loose coupling pin and not being fastened in time, and the wear and tear of the rubber ring not being replaced in time.

Hydraulic tank:

The main function of the hydraulic oil tank in the hydraulic system is to store oil, dissipate heat, separate the air contained in the oil and eliminate foam. When choosing a fuel tank, the first thing to consider is its capacity. Generally, the maximum flow rate of the pump is 2 to 3 times for mobile equipment, and 3 to 4 times for fixed equipment;

Secondly, consider the oil level of the oil tank. When all the hydraulic cylinders of the system are extended, the oil level of the oil tank shall not be lower than the minimum oil level, and when the oil cylinder is retracted, the oil level shall not be higher than the maximum oil level;

Finally, considering the structure of the fuel tank, the clapboard in the traditional fuel tank cannot play the role of precipitating dirt, and a vertical clapboard should be installed along the longitudinal axis of the fuel tank.

There is a space between one end of the diaphragm and the end plate of the fuel tank so that the space on both sides of the diaphragm is connected. The oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic pump are arranged on both sides of the diaphragm at the disconnected end, so that the distance between the oil inlet and the oil return is the farthest. The hydraulic oil tank has more cooling effect.

Oil filter:

Generally, pollutants with a particle size of less than 10 μm have little effect on the pump, while those larger than 10 μm, especially above 40 μm, have a significant impact on the service life of the pump.

The solid pollution particles in the hydraulic oil can easily aggravate the surface wear of the relatively moving parts in the pump. Therefore, it is necessary to install an oil filter to reduce the pollution degree of the oil. Filtration accuracy requirements: 10-15μm for axial piston pumps, 25μm for vane pumps, and 40μm for gear pumps. The pollution and wear of the pump can be controlled within the allowable range. At present, high-precision oil filters are widely used, which can greatly extend the service life of hydraulic pumps.

Classification of hydraulic pumps

According to whether the flow can be adjusted

The output flow can be adjusted according to the needs called variable pump, the flow can not be adjusted called quantitative pump.

According to the pump structure commonly used in the hydraulic system

Gear pump: small in volume, simple in structure, less strict on oil cleanliness, and cheaper; but the pump shaft is subject to unbalanced force, serious wear, and large leakage.

Vane pump: divided into double-acting vane pump and single-acting vane pump. This kind of pump has uniform flow, stable operation, low noise, higher working pressure and volumetric efficiency than gear pump, and more complicated structure than a gear pump.

Plunger pump: high volumetric efficiency, small leakage, can work under high pressure, mostly used in high-power hydraulic systems; but complex structure, high requirements for materials and processing accuracy, high price, and high requirements for oil cleanliness.

Piston pumps are generally used when gear pumps and vane pumps cannot meet the requirements. There are some other forms of hydraulic pumps, such as screw pumps, etc., but the application is not as common as the above three.

Conclusion

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